Optimal Automation Level in Microgrids

In this paper a new methodology for determining the optimal level of automation in microgrids is proposed. In traditional distribution networks, automation is referred to the management of the fault in a more efficiently manner especially in medium voltage (MV) distribution network in order to improve the network reliability indices by reduction of average outage duration per consumer and meanwhile mitigation of the costs due to the energy not supplied. Microgrid as a subset of distribution network which is composed of a cluster of loads and paralleled DG systems in a common local area needs to inherit the concept of automation from traditional distribution. The problem of network automation in a microgrid is more complicated than conventional distribution systems, as in traditional distribution networks, the only way to restore supply is the loop automation, while in microgrids, there are so many options for load restoration by using different combinations of microsources other than the loop automation and utility grid. Hence the automation level in a microgrid is a complex, non-linear and discrete optimization problem of enormous dimensions that needs to be handled by sophisticated and heuristic optimization procedures. The proposed methodology is a scenario-based search method using local automation and remote control strategies in an individually and combinatory manner considering achievable benefits for each scenario. The proposed methodology is simulated on a sample microgrid; the results indicate the functionality of the proposed methodology for the determination of the optimal level of investments in the automation of microgrids.